Log file is a file which stores all the information of all files that are accessed, and they also have errors which help a system administrator to troubleshoot issues and fixing them to make the web server stable. Few logs can be found below:
Apache web server
/usr/local/apache/logs/access_log
/usr/local/apache/logs/error_log
/usr/local/apache/domlogs/domain.com
MySQL database server
/var/lib/mysql/server.hostname.com.err
Exim mail server
/var/log/exim_mainlog
/var/log/exim_paniclog
/var/log/exim_rejectlog
Courier-IMAP
/var/log/maillog
cPanel control panel
/usr/local/cpanel/logs/error_log
/usr/local/cpanel/logs/access_log
/usr/local/cpanel/logs/license_log
/usr/local/cpanel/logs/login_log
/usr/local/cpanel/logs/stats_log
FTP server
/var/log/messages
/var/log/xferlog
System logs
/var/log/messages
/var/log/boot.log
/var/log/cron
/var/log/dmesg
Security logs
/var/log/secure
/var/log/messages
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